主動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動語態(tài)的方法(主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法)
1.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法
英語中及物動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。
主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。
助動詞be有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。 一、被動語態(tài)的用法： 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard. Knives are used for cutting things. 2. 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 7. 不定式的被動語態(tài)：to + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted. 二、怎樣把主動語態(tài)改成被動語態(tài)？ 把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)非常簡單，可以遵循以下幾個步驟： 1. 先找出謂語動詞； 2. 再找出謂語動詞后的賓語； 3. 把賓語用作被動語態(tài)中的主語； 4. 注意人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. 2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far. 4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now. 6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave. 三、使用被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個問題： 1. 不及物動詞無被動語態(tài)。 What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2. 有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。
This pen writes well. This new book sells well. 3. 感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態(tài)中不帶to ，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，須加上to 。 例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，直接賓語（物）作主語，那么動詞后要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 5. 一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語應(yīng)當看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。 We can't laugh him. →He can't be laugh by us. He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.。
2.怎么把主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)
主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的方法
將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的方法可分為三步：
第一步是把主動句的賓語變成被動句的主語；
第二步是把主動句的謂語變成“be+過去分詞”，be時態(tài)要與原句保持一致；
第三步是把主動句的主語變?yōu)閎y的賓語，放在被動句的謂語之后，by短語可以省略。
如：
Mary broke the cup. 瑪麗打破了杯子。
The cup was broken by Mary. 杯子是瑪麗打破的。
擴展資料：
被動語態(tài)的口訣：
一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時用be +及物動詞的.過去分詞，be有人稱、時、數(shù)變。
完成時態(tài)have(has)done，被動將been加中間。
一般將來shall(will)do，被動變do為be done。
將來進行無被動，shall(will)be doing。
現(xiàn)在完成時，被動 have(has)been done。
現(xiàn)、過進行be doing，被動be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。
否定助后加not，疑問一助置主前。
主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前。
一般情助加be done，雙賓多將間賓變。
復(fù)合賓語賓變主，賓補、主補相應(yīng)變。
3.主動語態(tài)如何改成被動語態(tài)
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如何把主動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)
語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。其中主動語態(tài)表示主語執(zhí)行動作，被動語態(tài)表示主語承受動作。那么，怎樣把主動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)呢？
1.先確定主動句的主、謂、賓，找出其謂語動詞；
2.把主動句中謂語動詞后面的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，若賓語是人稱代詞時，應(yīng)把賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘢?/p>
3.把主動句中的謂語動詞變?yōu)椤爸鷦釉~be +及物動詞的過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，但時態(tài)不能改變；
4.把主動句中謂語動詞前面的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲薪樵~by的賓語（沒必要說出動作的執(zhí)行者時可略去“by +賓語”），若主語是人稱代詞時，應(yīng)把主格變?yōu)橘e格。友情提示：
1.如果主動語態(tài)中含有動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不可丟掉短語末尾的介詞或副詞。如：
You can look up this word in the dictionary.→This word can be looked up in the dictionary.
2.使役動詞make, have及感官動詞see, hear, watch, feel等后接省略to的不定式作賓語補足語的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，動詞不定式的符號to還要加上去。如：
The boss made them work for 16 hours a day.→They were made to work for 16 hours a day (by the boss).
We saw them work in that workshop.→They were seen to work (by us) in that workshop.
3.如果主動語態(tài)的句子中含有雙賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，有兩種方法：①將指人的間接賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語時，要將人稱代詞賓格變?yōu)槿朔Q
4.怎樣將主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)
英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。
主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如： Many people speak English.（主動語態(tài)） English is spoken by many people.（被動語態(tài)） 1.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 由于不及物動詞不能帶賓語，故無被動語態(tài)，只有及物動詞或相當于及物動詞的動詞短語才有被動語態(tài)，其基本構(gòu)成方式是“助動詞be+過去分詞”。
注意：“be+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)不一定都是被動語態(tài)，有些動詞（如 be,feel,look,seem等）后面的過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，用作表語表示狀態(tài)。如： My bike is broken.（我的自行車壞了。）
The door is open.（門開了。） 2.主動語態(tài)改被動語態(tài)的方法 1）將主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意以下三個方面：①將主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語；②將主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞改為“be+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；③將主動語態(tài)的主語改為介詞by之后的賓語，放在謂語動詞之后（有時可省略）。
2）含直接賓語和間接賓語的主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時有兩種情況：①把間接賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，直接賓語仍保留原位；②把直接賓語改為主動語態(tài)的主語，此時，間接賓語前要加介詞to或 for。如： He gave the boy an apple.→The boy was given an apple.（或An apple was given to the boy.） Her father bought her a present.→She was bought a present by her father.（或A present was bought for her by her father.） 3）不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語的主動語態(tài)，改為被動語態(tài)時不定式前要加to。
如： They watched the children sing that morning.→The children were watched to sing that morning. 4）帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞在改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動語態(tài)的賓語改為主語，賓語補足語在被動語態(tài)中作主語補足語。如： We call him Xiao Wang.→He is called Xiao Wang. He cut his hair short.→His hair was cut short. They told him to help me.→He was told to help me. 5）短語動詞是不可分割的整體，改為被動語態(tài)時要保持其完整性，介詞或副詞不可遺漏。
如： We must take good care of the young trees.→The young trees must be taken good care of. 6）含有賓語從句的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，通常用it作為被動結(jié)構(gòu)的先行主語，從句放在句子后面；也可采用另一種形式?？梢赃@樣轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有know,say,believe,find,think,report等。
如： People believe that he is ill.→It is believed that he is ill.（或：He is believed to be ill.） 3.被動語態(tài)改為主動語態(tài)的方法： 被動語態(tài)中介詞by后的賓語改為主動語態(tài)中的主語（或按題意要求確定主語），按照這個主語的人稱和數(shù)以及原來的時態(tài)把謂語動詞形式由被動語態(tài)改為主動語態(tài)。注意在主動語態(tài)中有的動詞要求不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語，此時要把被動語態(tài)中的to去掉。
被動語態(tài)的主語用來作主動語態(tài)的賓語。如： History is made by the people.The people make history. 4.不能用于被動語態(tài)的情況 1）某些表示“靜態(tài)”的及物動詞（表示狀態(tài)而不是動作，而且常常是不可用于進行時態(tài)的動詞）如have,fit,suit,hold（容納），cost, suffer,last（持續(xù)）等不能用于被動語態(tài)。
如： They have a nice car.他們有一輛漂亮的汽車。 My shoes don't fit me.我的鞋不合適。
My brain can't hold so much information at one time.我的腦子一下子記不住這么多資料。 How much /What does it cost？這值多少錢？ Our holiday lasts 10days.我們的假期有十天。
This food will last(them)(for)3days.這食物足夠（他們）（吃）三天。 2）不是所有帶介詞的動詞都能用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)。
若是構(gòu)成成語動詞通常有被動態(tài)，若不構(gòu)成成語動詞則無被動態(tài)。試比較： They arrived at a decision.A decision was arrived at.他們作出了決定。
They arrived at the station.他們到達車站。（不說：The station was arrived at.） He looked into the question.The question was looked into.他調(diào)查了這個問題。
3）動詞leave（離開），enter（進入），join（參加）不可用于被動語態(tài)。如： The car left the road and hit a tree.車子離開了道路，撞上了樹。
4）某些及物動詞可作不及物動詞用，特別是后加副詞（如well, easily等）時。主動語態(tài)有被動含義，這類動詞常見的有sell,write, wear,wash,cook,open,close,lock,read,record等。
如： His new novel is selling well.他的新小說很暢銷。The cloth washes well.這布很耐洗。
This material won't wear.這種材料不耐穿。His play won't act.他的戲劇不會上演。
The window won't shut.這窗關(guān)不上。The door won't open.這門打不開。
The door won't lock.這門鎖不上。This poem reads well.這首詩讀來很好。
5)feel,look,appear,sound,taste,smell等由實意動詞演變而來的系動詞，后接形容詞作表語，不可用于被動語態(tài)。如： Tell me if you feel cold.你要是感到冷就告訴我。
You're looking very unhappy—what's the matter？你看來很不高興———怎么回事兒？ The soup tastes wonderful.這湯味道好極了。 Those roses smell beautiful.那些玫瑰好聞極了。
She appears to be friendly.她看上去很友好。 6）賓語是不定式或動詞的-。
5.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài) 那三步啊
把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，應(yīng)走好以下三步：
1）主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語；
2）主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞由主動語態(tài)形式變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)形式；
3）主動結(jié)構(gòu)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語，放在被動結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動詞之后。（在無須說明動作的執(zhí)行者或只強調(diào)動作的承受者時，by短語可以省略。）
請看示范：
主動語態(tài)：My brother repaired that bike yesterday.
主語 謂語動詞 賓語其余部分
被動語態(tài)：That bike was repaired (by my brother) yesterday.
主語 謂語動詞 by+賓語其余部分
對于主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)方法的考查，主要在句型轉(zhuǎn)換題目中出現(xiàn)。只要能夠按照上面介紹的方法去做，一般是能夠做對的。
6.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài) 方法 要自己總結(jié)的
將主動句的主語、賓語分別做被動句的賓語、主語，就是相互交換一下，這是最簡單的，有時主、賓語是癮藏的，變的時候需要跟具意思找出它們，再進行變換；這是變的規(guī)則：一般現(xiàn)在、過去時，is(are)/was(were)+過去分詞；一般現(xiàn)在、過去進行時，is(are)/was(were)+being+過去分詞；現(xiàn)在、過去完成時，has(have)/had+been+過去分詞；一般將來時，will+be+過去分詞；情態(tài)動詞，can(may/might/ought/)+be+過去分詞；。
